Protection of Journalists: An Academic Necessity
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8082366Keywords:
protection of journalists, international humanitarian law, unesco plan of action, sustainable development objectivesAbstract
The practice of journalism is becoming more dangerous every day. The Committee to Protect Journalists estimates that 1337 journalists have been killed from 1992 to 2019 (CPJ, 2019). Likewise, UNESCO points out that physical and digital attacks are steadily increasing, which has a direct impact on press freedom and the exercise of freedom of expression (UNESCO, 2014). In Venezuela, the situation is worrisome. Since 2002, Espacio Público has recorded a steady increase in attacks against journalists, and in its last annual report indicated that 854 people were victims of the more than one thousand violations of freedom of expression recorded by the organization (2018). Given this situation, it is necessary for those who wish to practice the profession to be aware of the international initiatives that exist to protect them. This paper focuses on the analysis of the legal mechanisms provided by International Humanitarian Law, and on the non-legal mechanisms designed by the United Nations Organization (Action Plan for the Protection of Journalists, and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development). By way of conclusion, the need to include these topics in the curricula of social communication and journalism degrees is explained.
Downloads
References
A.G., Res. 70/1 Transformar nuestro mundo: la Agenda 2030 para el Desarrollo Sostenible, UN Doc A/RES/70/1 (21 Octubre 2015)
CICR. (s.f.). Definición del Derecho Internacional Humanitario. Recuperado el 11 de Junio de 2019, de
http://www.cruzroja.es/portal/page?_pageid=878,12647036&_dad=portal30&_schema=P ORTAL30
CPJ. (2019). 1337 Journalists Killed. Recuperado el 22 de 2 de 2019, de https://cpj.org/data/killed/?status=Killed&motiveConfirmed%5B%5D=Confirmed&type
%5B%5D=Journalist&start_year=1992&end_year=2019&group_by=year
Espacio Público. (03 de 05 de 2018). Informe 2017: Tres golpes diarios contra la libertad de expresión en Venezuela. Recuperado el 16 de 01 de 2019, de http://espaciopublico.ong/informe-anual-2017/#.XD-XM1VKjct
Freire, P. (2000). Pedagogy of the Oppressed. New York, London: Bloomsbury Academic.
Garrido V., M. (2017). Journalists not Spies. The importance of the legal distinction for the protection of journalists during armed conflicts. Journal of the Association for Journalism Education.
Henckaerts, J. M. (s.f.). Lista de las Normas Consuetudinarias del Derecho Internacional Humanitario. Recuperado el 06 de Junio de 2019, de https://www.icrc.org/es/doc/assets/files/other/customary-law-rules-spa.pdf
Protocolo I adicional a los Convenios de Ginebra de 1949 relativo a la protección de las víctimas de los conflictos armados internacionales, 1977. Disponible en: https://www.icrc.org/es/document/protocolo-i-adicional-convenios-ginebra-1949- proteccion-victimas-conflictos-armados-internacionales-1977#PERIODISTAS
UNESCO. (2012). UN Plan of Action on the Safety of Journalists and the Issue of Impunity. Recuperado el 22 de 2 de 2019, de https://en.unesco.org/un-plan-action-safety-journalists
UNESCO. (2014). Communication and Information. Recuperado el 22 de 2 de 2019, de International Day To End Impunity For Crimes Against Journalists - Infographics: http://www.unesco.org/new/en/communication-and- information/resources/multimedia/photo-galleries/freedom-of-expression/first- international-day-to-end-impunity-for-crimes-against-journalists-infographics- competition/
UNESCO. (01 de Junio de 2015). Towards a Research agenda on the safety of journalists. Recuperado el 12 de Junio de 2019, de http://www.unesco.org/new/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/HQ/CI/CI/images/Themes/Freedo m_of_expression/safety_of_journalists/Draft_Research_Agenda_Safety_of_Journalists_0 6_2015.pdf
UNESCO. (2017). Seguridad de los periodistas y la prevención de la impunidad. Recuperado el
de Junio de 2019, de http://www.unesco.org/new/es/communication-and- information/freedom-of-expression/safety-of-journalists/
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The journal is licensed under the Attribution License (CC BY), allowing the possibility of copying, distributing, displaying, and producing derivative works, as long as the author is acknowledged and cited.
