Accesibilidad sanitaria para personas vulnerables con pérdida auditiva: revisión sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17484566Palabras clave:
accesibilidad, discapacidad auditiva, pacientes, poblaciones vulnerables, servicios de saludResumen
El presente estudio abordó la accesibilidad a servicios de salud para personas con pérdida auditiva en contextos vulnerables, mediante una revisión cualitativa de la literatura. Se revisaron las bases Scielo, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed y ProQuest, identificándose inicialmente 350 artículos, de los cuales 29 cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. Los resultados destacaron cuatro barreras fundamentales que dificultan el acceso a la atención auditiva: organizacionales, individuales, estructurales y sociales. Estas limitaciones generan desigualdades en la salud de esta población. Entre los obstáculos principales se encuentran la ausencia de protocolos inclusivos, la insuficiencia de recursos especializados, los costos elevados y las percepciones socioculturales negativas, las cuales contribuyen a la exclusión social. Por ello, se concluye que es urgente integrar la salud auditiva en el primer nivel de atención, mediante políticas públicas integrales que promuevan acciones coordinadas en financiamiento, capacitación profesional, mejora de infraestructura y educación comunitaria. Estas medidas son necesarias para garantizar un acceso equitativo y oportuno, que favorezca el bienestar y la inclusión social efectiva de las personas con discapacidad auditiva.
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