Prácticas esenciales de enfermería en el neonato de riesgo
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11658697Palabras clave:
atención de enfermería, enfermería neonatal, recién nacidoResumen
Los recién nacidos de alto riesgo, son una preocupación significativa por las altas tasas de morbimortalidad. Las enfermeras neonatales juegan un papel fundamental en las unidades de cuidados intensivos neonatales (UCIN), proporcionando cuidados que incluyen oxigenoterapia, ventilación mecánica y prevención de infecciones. Sin embargo, la efectividad de estas intervenciones aún requiere más investigación. Esta revisión siguió el marco del Instituto Joanna Briggs, incluyendo la identificación de pregunta de investigación, selección de estudios relevantes, recopilación y análisis de datos. Se realizó una búsqueda exhaustiva en bases de datos como Web of Science, Scopus y Google Académico, filtrando estudios publicados entre 2018 y 2024 en inglés, español y portugués. De 796 estudios encontrados, 15 fueron relevantes. Los datos extraídos incluyeron autores, objetivos y métodos. Los resultados mostraron que las intervenciones de enfermería, como el uso de cortinas reflectantes durante la fototerapia y la administración de gel de dextrosa oral, tienen efectos positivos significativos. Además, la luz solar puede complementar la fototerapia en países de bajos ingresos, y la presión positiva continua pulmonar (CPAP) es efectiva para tratar la dificultad respiratoria. La revisión destacó la importancia de las intervenciones de enfermería en la mejora de resultados neonatales. Sin embargo, la falta de datos globales y estudios de alta calidad subraya la necesidad de más investigación para evaluar la efectividad de estas intervenciones. La educación estandarizada y la mejora de la resiliencia entre las enfermeras son esenciales para optimizar la atención neonatal.
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