Terapias complementarias y calidad de vida: una revisión de percepciones adultas en estudios cualitativos
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https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15783091Palabras clave:
calidad de vida, medicina alternativa, percepciónResumen
Las terapias complementarias son valoradas por personas adultas como estrategias significativas para mejorar el bienestar, fortalecer la percepción de control y atender necesidades emocionales que la medicina convencional no siempre cubre. Esta revisión cualitativa tuvo como objetivo analizar las percepciones de adultos sobre estas terapias y su relación con la experiencia de bienestar, a partir de estudios recientes. Para ello, se realizó una revisión sistemática siguiendo los lineamientos PRISMA 2020 y el modelo SPIDER, con búsquedas en las bases Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed y SpringerLink, abarcando el período 2020–2025. La síntesis de los datos se efectuó mediante un análisis temático inductivo, mientras que la calidad de los estudios se evaluó con la herramienta JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Qualitative Research. Se incluyeron 22 estudios cualitativos, que se organizaron en cuatro categorías principales: motivaciones para el uso de terapias complementarias, experiencias subjetivas, barreras comunicacionales y dimensiones simbólicas del cuidado. Los resultados evidencian que estas terapias son percibidas como prácticas de autocuidado culturalmente situadas, capaces de promover la calidad de vida, la conexión espiritual y la autonomía personal. En conclusión, se sugiere que las terapias complementarias deberían integrarse en modelos de atención que sean empáticos, centrados en la persona y culturalmente pertinentes, para potenciar su impacto en el bienestar integral.
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