Palabras clave: covid largo, covid-19 de largo plazo, condiciones post-covid.
Recibido: 03-08-23 - Aceptado: 10-10-23
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study is to identify the symptoms and factors associated with post-COVID
exposure in the province of Carchi. This is a quantitative, non-experimental, descriptive and
cross-sectional cohort study. The sample is made up of 178 people with a positive diagnosis
of COVID-19 validated by a laboratory, to which a survey carried out and validated by
experts was applied. The most relevant results of long COVID-19 symptoms were: fatigue
33%, persistent infections 31%, muscle aches 19% and loss of smell 19%, followed by cough,
joint pain, sore throat, loss of taste with percentages less than 15%. Regarding factors related
to post-COVID-19, it was possible to identify that women (66%) are more likely to have
sequelae of COVID-19; On the other hand, age, comorbidities and severity in the initial
picture can affect the presence and time of symptoms. It is concluded that, for the most part,
the studied population does not present effects on their systems; However, less than 40%
have some type of alteration in their current state of health at a systematic, sensory organ and
immunological level. The factors associated with the prevalence of symptoms after being
diagnosed with COVID-19 vary from person to person; After the literature review and
comparison with the study carried out, it was identified that sex, age and comorbidities can
be triggers for the presence of post-COVID-19.
Keywords: long-term covid, long-term covid-19, post-covid conditions.
INTRODUCCIÓN
El COVID-19 prolongado, también conocido como síndrome post-COVID 19 de larga
duración, ha sido objeto de estudio en todo el mundo debido a su impacto en la salud pública
y la calidad de vida de las personas afectadas. A medida que la pandemia de COVID-19 se
extendió a nivel mundial, surgieron informes de pacientes que experimentaban síntomas
persistentes mucho después de la fase aguda de la enfermedad. Esto llevó a una mayor
atención e investigación sobre la caracterización epidemiológica del COVID-19 prolongado
(OMS, 2023).
A nivel mundial, se estima que una proporción significativa de personas que han tenido
COVID-19 experimentan síntomas prolongados. Sin embargo, la prevalencia exacta del
COVID-19 prolongado varía entre los diferentes países y regiones, y depende de varios
factores, como el tamaño de la población afectada y los criterios utilizados para definir y
diagnosticar la enfermedad prolongada. Los estudios epidemiológicos han demostrado que