ABSTRACT
For the first time in Ecuador, a Constitution of the Republic (2008) guarantees the full right
of participation of the actors of the Popular and Solidarity Economy in public purchases of
the State, an event that had never happened before in previous constitutions. Although no
economic sector was prevented from participating in the public market, cooperatives and
associations were limited for the simple reason that their products and services were
insufficient and of low quality for the requirements of State institutions; In addition, large
companies, so to speak, had for the most part covered the needs of public entities for goods
and services. Now, this kind of discrimination changed as a result of the inclusion of the
popular and solidarity sector in the new Constitution of 2008, with which, the sector began
to take great importance within the public agenda, considering its contribution to the
dynamism, social and economic value to the country. That said, the objective of this work is
to publicize the legal framework that made possible the immersion of popular and solidarity
organizations in the public market, as well as economic participation in public procurement,
through an inclusive dynamic catalog. As for the result, we can state that, although there are
rules that give them preference in the public market, the amount of economic participation in
contracting is negligible compared to private enterprise. To reach this conclusion, we
proceeded to carry out a bibliographic review (deductive method), and a descriptive statistical
data analysis (analytical method) of public procurement from 2020 to 2022.
Keywords: constitution of the republic, organizations of the popular and solidarity economy,
public procurement, suppliers.
INTRODUCCIÓN
La contratación pública es un procedimiento que llevan a cabo todas las instituciones públicas
estatales y locales con la finalidad de satisfacer las necesidades de obras, bienes y servicios
(Viscarra, 2021:14). Para ello, el sector público planificará anualmente los requerimientos y
dará a conocer sus necesidades a través de los diferentes medios de comunicación a las
distintas empresas privadas para que participen con sus bienes y servicios.
Por otra parte, hay autores como García Aréjula y Bakaikoa Azurmendi (2015: 78), quienes
destacan que lo manifestado por Viscarra (2021) no es solo un procedimiento, sino que, la
“contratación pública constituye también una herramienta, un instrumento por medio del que
los poderes públicos pueden poner en marcha políticas acordes con la promoción de un
modelo determinado de Sociedad”.
Ahora, según la Organización Mundial del Comercio -OMC, uno de los objetivos principales
de la mayoría de los regímenes de contratación es optimizar el uso de los recursos, para