Revisión integrativa sobre estrategias de diseño urbano adaptativo para el confort térmico en ciudades cálidas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22732703Palabras clave:
diseño urbano adaptativo, confort térmico, entornos urbanos cálidosResumen
El diseño urbano adaptativo se ha consolidado como una estrategia clave frente al sobrecalentamiento y la necesidad de garantizar el confort térmico en ciudades de clima cálido. Esta investigación se desarrolló mediante una revisión integrativa, apoyada en los lineamientos del método PRISMA para la selección y depuración de fuentes, y tuvo como objetivo identificar las principales estrategias de diseño urbano adaptativo empleadas para garantizar el confort térmico en ciudades cálidas, a partir de la evidencia científica reciente. Para ello, se realizó una búsqueda en Google Académico y Scopus, obteniéndose un total de 1109 fuentes. Tras aplicar los criterios de selección, se escogieron 14 artículos, cuyos hallazgos se organizaron en cuatro categorías temáticas: modelos de confort adaptativo y gestión climática; morfología y diseño urbano; infraestructura verde y azul; y edificación con materiales sostenibles. Los estudios coinciden en que las medidas pasivas (ventilación cruzada, sombreamiento y uso de materiales reflectivos) y las soluciones basadas en la naturaleza (vegetación urbana, ventilación natural, techos y muros verdes e infraestructura hídrica) son fundamentales para mitigar las islas de calor urbanas y reducir el consumo energético. Asimismo, la literatura enfatiza que el confort térmico depende no solo de parámetros físicos, sino también de percepciones sociales y culturales, lo que refuerza la relevancia de los modelos de confort adaptativo.
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