Revisión sistemática sobre resiliencia estatal y brechas sistémicas en gestión del riesgo de desastres
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https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21082316Palabras clave:
resiliencia estatal, gestión del riesgo de desastres, gobernanza del riesgoResumen
El presente estudio examina la resiliencia del Estado peruano en la gestión del riesgo de desastres dentro del contexto latinoamericano, una de las regiones más vulnerables al cambio climático por sus características geográficas. Aunque existen marcos normativos avanzados, persiste una brecha considerable entre el diseño institucional y su implementación efectiva. La investigación se desarrolló mediante una revisión sistemática de la literatura siguiendo la metodología PRISMA, que analizó 44 estudios publicados entre 2015 y 2024. Los resultados muestran que el déficit de resiliencia estatal es sistémico y se articula en cinco dimensiones interrelacionadas: gobernanza fragmentada y centralizada; planificación territorial deficiente; capacidades técnicas limitadas; baja participación comunitaria; y persistencia de vulnerabilidades estructurales. Además, se identifica una brecha crítica entre el conocimiento disponible y su aplicación práctica, lo que afecta negativamente la incorporación de ese conocimiento en las políticas públicas. Se concluye que fortalecer la resiliencia estatal requiere superar el enfoque reactivo predominante y avanzar hacia una gobernanza del riesgo proactiva, descentralizada, transparente e inclusiva. Este análisis ofrece una síntesis integrada de factores clave y subraya la necesidad de incorporar la gestión del riesgo en la planificación del desarrollo, abordando las causas estructurales de la vulnerabilidad y presentando implicaciones relevantes para América Latina.
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