
REVISTA INVECOM “Estudios transdisciplinarios en comunicación y sociedad” / INVECOM JOURNAL
"Transdisciplinary studies in communication and society / Depósito legal ZU2021000004 / ISSN 2739-0063 /
http://revistainvecom.org / Vol. 2, # 2 (julio-diciembre 2022).
Flujos de la propaganda electoral en la campaña parlamentaria 2020 en Venezuela
Daniel Pabón
222 | Página
Abstract
The 2020 parliamentary electoral process, the first electoral event held in Venezuela in a time
of pandemic, was characterized by non-compliance with legal provisions and the persistence
of irregularities. Within an electoral schedule several times modified on the fly, the campaign
period was exactly one month. Part of a study by the Venezuelan Electoral Observatory
(OEV) is presented, the main objective of which is to know through which types of
communication media the electoral propaganda was disseminated, as one of the forms that
political communication assumes, by the actors in contention, as well as which social
networks and / or messaging platforms were used. Through the OEV, two evaluation forms for
the 2020 electoral campaign were applied, during the first (395 observations) and the second
fortnight (399 observations) of the campaign month. Observers from the OEV national
network participated, distributed proportionally in the 23 states and the Capital District, based
on the total number of voters and voting centers in each state. The volunteers answered the
questions based on what they had observed, read or heard themselves and / or in their
communities. It was perceived by OEV observers that electoral propaganda took place more
through traditional means, just in times of digital communication and in the midst of pandemic
restrictions. Thus, eight out of ten received electoral propaganda on television, and only six
out of ten by digital media. Facebook and WhatsApp were the networks and platforms most
used by political actors. In an environment of generalized disinformation and advantage, the
pro-government sector practically conducted the electoral campaign alone compared to the
propaganda of the non-pro-government candidates.
Keywords: electoral campaign, electoral propaganda, mass media, political communication.
Introducción
Después, especialmente, de la elección parlamentaria de diciembre de 2015, los procesos
electorales en Venezuela han evidenciado desmejoras en cuanto a condiciones como el
ambiente político, los tiempos, la competitividad, la percepción de confianza sobre la
autoridad electoral y los derechos a elegir y a participar (OEV, 2020a). Destacan en esta
perspectiva temporal las cuestionadas elecciones a la Asamblea Constituyente del año 2017,
así como las igualmente cuestionadas presidenciales del año 2018.
Como resultado de esa desmejora progresiva en las condiciones democráticas y electorales,